PDF Ch02 The Recording Process Accounting Evening Class A

Again, posting is simply transferring the information from the journal to the ledger. And, the ledger is a list of all your accounts in a certain order – A, L, C, W, R, E. By the way, this is also the order the accounts appear on a trial balance (next step of the accounting cycle) and  the balance sheet. In posting you are taking the information piece by piece and place them in each account in the ledger. The accounts in the ledger follows the order the usual sequence of steps in the recording process is to of what is called a “chart of accounts”.

Journal Entries

But we also learned that for every debit there is a corresponding credit, so while we debit cash, we should at the time credit common stock. And, crediting common stock is increasing common stock as common stock is an owner’s equity account. So, in this case, we complete the analysis of the transaction by debiting cash $8,000, crediting common stock $8,000. As you are practicing all these examples, you will also begin to learn more accounts, their names, their type (A, W, E, L, R, C). You will not use OE as much as you are now splitting OE in to Withdrawals/Dividends (W), Expenses (E), Revenues (R), and Capital or Common Stock (C). The first step in the recording process is to analyze the transaction, determine the accounting entries and record them in the appropriate accounts.

1. The general ledger serves as the eyes and ears of bookkeepers and accountants and shows all financial transactions within a business.
2. Service Revenue10,610 Equipment49,360Owner’s Drawings700 Gasoline…
3. You often heard, my credit cards gives me a credit when I returned something.
4. Please do not confuse what you normally know with accounting as they do have different meanings.
5. At the end of an accounting period, often at the end of a month, but certainly at the end of the year, all the ledger accounts are listed in order with ending balances.

Accounting Cycle

The following selected events and transactions occurred during March. Mar 1Invested $20,000 cash in the business 3Purchased Rainbow… Kang Equipment Repair made a number of errors in journalizing and posting, as described below. A credit posting of $525 to Accounts Receivable was omitted A…

If you look under owner’s equity, capital and revenues increase OE. If you earn more money in revenues, your OE increases; and if you invest more money in capital in your business, your OE increases as well. Thus, capital and revenues behave just as OE – debit to decrease, credit to increase. For example, in the Julia Jansen problem, when Julia invested $8,000 in the business, her cash account (an asset) increased by $8,000.

Journal entries are the second step in the recording process. An entry consists of the transaction date, the debit and credit amounts for the appropriate accounts and a brief memo explaining the transaction. For example, the journal entries for a cash sales transaction are to credit (increase) sales and debit (increase) cash. Journal entries disclose all the effects of a transaction in one place. They are also useful in detecting and correcting errors because the debit and credit amounts must balance at the end of a period. After you have analyzed your transactions, you have completed Step 1 of the accounting cycle.

Posting

The ledger or the general ledger contains all the accounts, meaning all the assets, liabilities, and stockholders’ equity accounts (A, L, C, W, R, E). On the other hand, expenses and withdrawals or dividends decrease OE. As you paid expenses, you have less money in the business and the claim to your business decreases. When money is taken out of the business to pay to owners as withdrawals or dividends, the claim that the owners have to the business of course will be less. So, expenses and withdrawals or dividends go against OE – and thus they behave like assets, which are opposite to OE. Therefore, for expenses and withdrawals/dividends – debit to increase, credit to decrease.

Debits and Credits

The general ledger may be in the form of a binder, index cards or a software application. Compared to analyzing transactions, creating journal entries, and posting to the ledger, the trial balance is easy. At the end of an accounting period, often at the end of a month, but certainly at the end of the year, all the ledger accounts are listed in order with ending balances. On this list, the total of all the debit balances must equal the total of all the credit balances. If they don’t, something happened in the posting process; but if they do, you will be ready to move on to adjusting journal entries, which we will explore in the next module.

Posting complete with reference column in the journal all filled in and each account in the ledger has a balance. Selected transactions from the journal of June Feldman, Investment broker, are presented below. Shown below does not balance AVTAR SANDHU CO.Trial BalanceJune 30, 2019 Each of the listed accounts has a normal balance per the general… Take some time to watch the summary videos posted on Blackboard under Module 3. They go over journalizing, posting, and the trial balance again in the previous sections. Instructions Reproduce the journal entries for the transactions that occurred on October 1, 10, and 20, and provide explanations for each.

Credits increase the liability, equity and revenue accounts, and they decrease the asset and expense accounts. Debits and credits are on the left and right sides, respectively, of a T-account, which is the most basic form of representing an account. The fundamental concepts above will enable you to construct an income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement, which are the most important steps in the accounting cycle.